Disclaimer and risk notice

You use everything on this site at your own risk. The content serves education, research, training and general awareness. It is not medical or legal advice, and it does not replace a certified first aid course or a doctor.

Check the information against the rules, phone numbers and protocols of the country you are in. Emergency numbers, drug availability and legal duties differ between countries and change over time.

In a real emergency, call the emergency services first and follow the dispatcher. A trained dispatcher can guide you through resuscitation better than any web page can.

The authors and the publisher accept no liability for damage, injury or loss caused by using this content. If you find an error, report it and it will be corrected.

Using this site creates no professional, medical or contractual relationship, and no duty of care towards you. Links to outside organisations let you check facts for yourself. We neither endorse nor monitor what those sites publish. Any dispute falls under the law of the publisher's place of establishment, without prejudice to the mandatory consumer protection rules of your country of residence.